Pathological Explanation and Analysis of Major Influencing Factors of Obesity

**Pathology of Obesity** **Explanation and Dietary Strategies**

As living standards continue to improve, people's dietary structure is also constantly changing, and the resulting obesity is a constant concern, especially for the elderly and young women, who face various anxieties due to obesity.

[Pathological Description]

Obesity is a global chronic disease. The number of people suffering from it is doubling every year, posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, the number of obese people in my country has exceeded 70 million, making it a pressing medical and health issue that has attracted widespread attention in society.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a very complex etiology. While there are clear biological causes, psychological and social factors are also prominent. These factors are closely related and mutually reinforcing. Even with dietary control, this is only the most basic aspect; neglecting other factors can still lead to weight gain.

The main factors contributing to weight gain are:

●Genetic factors: The genetic factors in the pathogenesis of human obesity include two aspects: firstly, various congenital abnormal syndromes can be accompanied by obesity; secondly, obesity is caused by genetic factors affecting the body's energy balance mechanism.

Numerous studies indicate a link between obesity and genetics. Chinese scholars have reported that if one parent is obese, the obesity rate among their children is 15.23%; if other family members, such as grandparents, are obese, the obesity rate among their grandchildren is 9.55%. This type of obesity is termed constitutional obesity.

**Effective and Healthy Weight Loss**

2222%

Constitutional obesity is caused by an increase in the number of fat cells in the body.

●Recent studies have found that the metabolism of obese people is significantly different from that of people of normal weight. For example, the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood of obese people is lower, and their basal metabolic rate is lower than that of normal people. Under the same dietary conditions, the specific dynamic action of food after eating is lower in obese people than in lean people, and their anabolism is more active than that of normal people.

The energy expenditure of obese individuals during rest, standing, or walking is also lower than that of individuals of normal weight. When inactive, obese individuals are less sensitive to cold than lean individuals; in the same low-temperature environment, individuals of normal weight require 35% more oxygen, while obese individuals only require 11%.

Obese individuals also experience changes in their metabolism and endocrine function. Hormones are crucial factors in regulating fat metabolism, especially the breakdown, synthesis, and utilization of triglycerides. For example, obese individuals have elevated fasting free fatty acid concentrations, increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels, disordered fat metabolism, and decreased growth hormone secretion. This leads to reduced fat consumption and elevated fasting insulin levels, which not only promote fat synthesis but can also induce hypoglycemia, increase hunger, and cause overeating, creating a vicious cycle.

In addition, endocrine dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disorders can severely affect appetite and eating habits. Appetite regulation is controlled by the cerebral cortex. When the cerebral cortex malfunctions, the intermediate metabolism of fat and sugar is affected, resulting in a large increase in body fat and thus obesity.

● Dietary habits and lifestyle: Obesity is related to overeating, eating too quickly, a preference for sweets and oily foods, and excessive alcohol consumption. Excess calories, nutritional imbalances, lack of physical activity, and a slower metabolism with age, combined with unadjusted food intake, lead to excessive calorie intake. The excess energy is converted into body fat and stored in fat cells, causing them to enlarge. Over time, this accumulation of fat results in obesity.

Obese people don't like to be active and get hot.

**Pathological Explanation and Dietary Therapy for Obesity**

Tokishima 2L2Z

> Lu

>

> 2

>

Low energy expenditure and excessive food intake coupled with a sedentary lifestyle are also causes of obesity.

● The influence of psychological factors: Some people eat excessively when they are happy to celebrate; they eat when they are angry to vent their anger; they eat to relieve loneliness and boredom; especially when under mental stress, such as when relatives or loved ones die, when they are widowed, divorced, or when they are not satisfied with their work, they eat food to relieve mental tension, worries, frustrations, and boredom, and obtain psychological comfort and compensation from eating. All of the above eating will inevitably lead to overeating and obesity.

Therefore, weight loss and obesity prevention is a systematic project combining biological, psychological, and social factors; there are no magic bullets for weight loss. The key is to adopt comprehensive weight loss measures under the guidance of a doctor, based on individual physical conditions, to achieve scientific weight loss.